cone mixer

The term "cone mixer" is used in various ways in process engineering and is not clearly defined. 

1. One type is the free-fall cone mixer. Its mixing vessel consists of two conical elements that are welded together. The mixing vessel rotates around a transverse axis. The rotational movement results in "free-fall mixing". This concept works when the components are similar in size and the particle sizes and bulk densities are similar. All powders must be dry and deagglomerated.
    
2. Another design is the conical central screw mixer. This is a funnel-shaped, rotationally symmetrical vessel with a vertical axis. A robust screw conveyor protrudes into the container from above. It transports the goods axially upwards in the centre. At the same time, the particles slide downwards along the vessel wall by convection. This creates a characteristic circulation flow: upwards inside, downwards outside.
    
3. Instead of the central screw, a central helical belt can also be installed. This conveys the bulk material upwards at the periphery, while the material in the centre flows downwards. This creates a counter-flow, which improves the mixing process.
    
4. There are also cone mixers with a cylindrical upper section and a conical lower section. Both central screws and central screw belts can be used in these devices. The combination of geometry and mixing tool determines the flow mechanics and the achievable mixing quality.
    
5. A special design is the cone precision mixer with an orbitally moving screw. Its conveyor screw is mounted on an inclined axis. It conveys the mixture upwards along the wall. At the same time, the screw describes a precession movement, touching the entire container wall. The pivot point is located at the tip of the cone. Smaller designs usually only have an upper bearing. Larger designs also have a lower bearing to ensure mechanical stability.